Direct Transition from Ultrathin Orthorhombic Dinickel Silicides to Epitaxial Nickel Disilicide Revealed by In Situ Synthesis and Analysis.

Understanding phase transitions of ultrathin metal silicides is crucial for the development of nanoscale silicon devices. Here, the phase transition of ultrathin (3.6 nm) Ni silicides on Si(100) substrates is investigated using an in situ synthesis and characterization approach, supplemented with ex situ transmission electron microscopy and nano-beam electron diffraction. First, an ultrathin epitaxial layer and ordered structures at the interface are observed upon room-temperature deposition. At 290 °C, this structure is followed by formation of an orthorhombic δ-Ni2 Si phase exhibiting long-range order and extending to the whole film thickness. An unprecedented direct transition from this δ-Ni2 Si phase to the final NiSi2- x phase is observed at 290 °C, skipping the intermediate monosilicide phase. Additionally, the NiSi2- x phase is found epitaxial on the substrate. This transition process substantially differs from observations for thicker films. Furthermore, considering previous studies, the long-range ordered orthorhombic δ-Ni2 Si phase is suggested to occur regardless of the initial Ni thickness. The thickness of this ordered δ-Ni2 Si layer is, however, limited due to the competition of different orientations of the δ-Ni2 Si crystal. Whether the formed δ-Ni2 Si layer consumes all deposited nickel is expected to determine whether the monosilicide phase appears before the transition to the final NiSi2- x phase.

Updated geriatric cardiology guidelines of the brazilian society of cardiology ­ 2019 / Atualização das diretrizes em cardiogeriatria da sociedade brasileira de cardiologia ­ 2019

Development: The Department of Geriatric Cardiology of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (Departamento de Cardiogeriatria da Sociedade Brasileira da Cardiologia) and the Brazilian Geriatrics and Gerontology Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia). (AU)

Novos biomarcadores inflamatórios e de disfunção endotelial: predição de risco cardiovascular / Novel biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: prediction of cardiovascular risk

Em consequência do avanço das pesquisas no campo da biologia molecular e celular, ampliou-se o entendimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e, como consequência, uma nova série de biomarcadores tem emergido como promissoras ferramentas para refinar o diagnóstico, prognóstico e guia terapêutico, associado à análise individual do contexto clínico de cada paciente. Em recente publicação, o professor Eugene Braunwald apresentou a Classificação Braunwald de Biomarcadores para Insuficiência Cardíaca. A utilização desta estratégia de multimarcadores na abordagem das DCV permite a detecção da disfunção ventricular e coronariana sob a ótica dos diversos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos. O desenvolvimento rápido nas técnicas de identificação de centenas de proteínas de aplicabilidade potencial como marcadores prognósticos propiciou a incorporação de uma abordagem com multibiomarcadores na rotina clínica do atendimento de pacientes com suspeita de DCV. Este procedimento possibilita ao clínico identificar com mais precisão pacientes com alto risco e que devem demandar estratégias de um manejo de cuidados intensivos (AU)

As a result of the advancement of research in molecular and cell biology, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease (CV ) was expanded and, as a result, a new set of biomarkers have emerged as promising tools to refine the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic course, associated with the individual analysis of each patient's clinical context. In a recent publication, Professor Eugene Braunwald presented the Braunwald classification of Biomarkers for Heart Failure. The use of this strategy of multiple markers in addressing CVD allows detection of ventricular and coronary dysfunction from the perspective of the different pathophysiological mechanisms involved. The rapid technical development in the identification of hundreds of proteins of potential applicability as prognostic markers allowed incorporating an approach with multiple biomarkers in the clinical routine of care of patients with suspected CVD. This procedure allows the clinician to identify more accurately patients at high risk and who should require strategies of intensive care management (AU)